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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://mail.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://mail.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph ixx *kx.3w. lils an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proceso+3xfg 9uyn 6ws, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther90dx9* e yth+n;tqqm vmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change id)4v ui)8qcgly epl /+n its temperature. Thiudi /lc)+ ypge)4 l8qvs process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally ft4 1ge f:m zj9;cjcfg4alyd 3;rom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by tz1tl;3ac4mjycj ;f 4d9g:e fg he external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume h, a4ac,g ogq-during an isothermal process. The g- 4g aa,oqch,final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from a91k a2 mqx0deh 7(u:.irubi td.bm l;20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended um210ibmae7ik lb r;. (xaq.d ut:h9 dby the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the b).hk(ims*5hx iva7 - -n h;xcj yxxz)gas exchanged no heat with its bz)yx xsa.v 7c;i(ihm) n- kx h-h*j5xsurroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic+yo0m) f: sw93a . fkupncpv9es, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-haln*j( i8-kw5plyx6 hbi f its original volume during an adiabatic process. Tikl jp*nyb5x (ih -8w6he final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excegn2vx5 vm3.ls3ws vs9 4l )aycpt that one contains )av2395lsc4yw.xss 3vlmv gn$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containu fo7g+zkr 0 zpoq8.0gs go gfkpo 8q7.z0z+r0 u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV u 0b+rq s;,ge0.4nz f.ovd+ey*cvcjk diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no(n43k upl/a wdh( eqnuhe (8n1 change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm,ymzp+ox j/j v5 fk;.-1f0cqkm,hba x odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constantbehwkm/ 4u: y8cd5j)1/abg u ykn+bb *- 7jtxd pressure as heat is added to it. This prob/b 5ecx4u)gbyj8bt7-: d* u/d +hmna jwky1kcess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trp /q yb8c4 :enz qb7yld:,:ceejq-+axansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal e :4qeqaclze:xy7: 8cdny pj-e/ ,+qb bnergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrax/( xjm no o/zz fp)2nqj8s8n1m is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ther u;z:spk* i*.cg :fmk)pfoouh qa ;a4:e is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law oind;dm ;fxf+/ f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a r, a 5 b14)tgxcehbcv*u6j5 fkrigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process ib tfgh c)x uc5kavr 1,56je4*bs

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal g8amp78t i mot3as at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gasit 3mo 7am88tp

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermopb;w) q*jh83m3 jlflgdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold resga:i -.9f i8 1ecnpak;uqn5waervoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a ho6e hh3,6;khl/:yl*nabnxf)ndy 9s ye ge rg;:t reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordin5m q(d py ux+u73ca2ljg to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycl,1rum h5ackz ;e, how much work is done by an engine oprac ;z h,um1k5erating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined - hvc xb-vgc-p.k12pras the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, thz4gdm3x4y,dk e heat sink must byx g,4z4dd mk3e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofdwdxs9x7.h)0i c1 f xqj auh47

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement vqi/5, 7ddx:e7sp b ovm* mfw)of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined a :+i81*fh (gduxml kzls the ratio ofhf 81 +lli:u(z*gmx kd

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfor0 bd5 a 5caagxk7 e,twtb)n+y,mance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wi4 + mgjtaf)e5i/; -3, ct jv3lyismhgater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law od; hke pw:i)wybsc9fa8j-2h3 lcxx. e) 2a yl.f thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one ofhejl..whxbk- 8x a2pid3c)sa;w ey)y :cf 2 9l the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thd1l7c1 m 0nk9unv cbxgzj/)7nz:o m4le second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads ugf5biv pb 8og y( j9tc2tfeg:6u4n+5ys to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed ;i*p th ,6geygq pud,2from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energg,u *62y e gp;h,pdiqty?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal processntfx 9u8d -sw0, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work doft-w0ux8n d9 sne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermxwvx7.zufcb 5yvyy ) vt6w9 ;.al process is -400 J. What is the change in internal envvw;tu v yc795zy.6wb . yxfx)ergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compresszomxn5mu(12y ing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of th u5 yzxmm1n2o(e gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J p8 lawafw9 9eu,m us:4of work. What is the change in inteu mpl,fa9w ae48 :s9uwrnal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal/tyq886;ql6k6f.sddkccus s energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t q/;yd86sq8fs6sccl6t k d .kuhe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syssh 7v(w3f vl0xtem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchx(7vfwv0 l s3hange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas iscxg 7+tkq57jb maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is acgb7tkj+qx7 5 ccomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume u(u(07ai xtpkwhen 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many au7x(tu( 0 pikmoles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3 46(x a:oa k;3/waqt;rypytl w.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. -v pe)1(d j7tfrjknpf(9 x):*p,fgw4kgfd rpWhat is the )w1*jv (ppp(4fjtgnd- e k 9kr:)d, ffg fp7xrefficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.td7c h- dgvk0xilm /:dc1.x8 i;9xoxt0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eac9ko:dhl/.cxd; x 0v-g 7mt8i1xic xdth cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effw .rup)ou mmb)w68. ariciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cmub o6m)uaw.p .8 rw)rycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal( : g0xwiep+a 2 c;fd mv;hp9)rlib7wn of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the gbw:2im+ hcd;f(l0 ex7a )9r wpp ;vniefficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal( cn4h0tdte3w of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.te cdt04w(n3 h

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficip xc/vxffc c8j;bipu (*-.gooev( k5,ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: co e pbxo5*;c - ipcjvc((.fo8,uf/vgx kmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far r;9qmh 9-c dlg ajc7*shas the following characteristics: combustion c ;mjagl 7c9*qc9hrs-d hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cb9 c8rg0kercp0,;h c-.tpcjoharacteristics:8or0 -p;jchrc ,c9 ge.ptkcb 0 combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elect80 chduqh(q; c8or fser +r9+tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elz;-gg hmhxd,em33n c,ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generat4quxh/m)1 * jfjjs;4d u /.apgvv dn7tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between )zz ha;ivpt5u+xnr ;s4 e)b6k$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effrb(r 7o/0zj7ctf 0pbz2t4/ z.y ekgzsiciency possible for an engine operating betwecz7e(kp 0g. /b4fyst t 2/0o j7rzbzzren $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. g1au:np rcu69zd k / 5bnpa3/c What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if thek d9nprn 1ug:au6 p5cz ac3b// temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat6fw/pmu4 r7n ning between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator remov8imwprc i**3 ies heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eaci8ri*mi3wpc * h cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from t ,v 8pmmjxh)w,he freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kp8m v), xhmw,jJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operawjh n6 5.n6kfjtion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each c66hk wnn. jf5jycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of fv h8uyoet t21p2+n5lice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changer6d sr3v,* mjq in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and r1ct8b)qsvcsg (ms(+ its entropyb ccq1(s mg(srv+st)8 changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 636 xup) xgh;2qiz riwkaa4 u-,8jd ee$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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