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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://mail.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://mail.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gra8g7i5si6,l fpulcev1 ph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change nsoga4m w:7q3u (drl:in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamz68tx jwr2:a uics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to t,l0 8v2 e:*cv bjqfbfawice its original volume with no change in its temperature. This process 2:ebclv bvj08 af,qf*is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed4pcp;cy 4c)(a+ kucw z isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal enwucp +c; c4c4kz( ayp)ergy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed m4s: bpzrs3 r mtt:ug+m.;g3dto one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. :usm3 mt :g+ g.br tz4dp;srm3The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3)s4f1fmy cuc22 7d vak0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following stateme 2f1) vkscd7ymf ua42cnts is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed1)wi gu +ujhqxh (0(sd,nmy3t in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process w,n1yhqs uu +)tjmi(0h xgd(3is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther pe ywiy 4 5f/nh/c70yl3egh3zmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gasmifuz6 iwp* xvw1t /r5+5i;yz is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. iv6p xiwiz /yzwtu;*+r5f 51 mThe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta dfujgo ea5m*)3slj29ins5e3mua*d o jg9fl 2js) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gg7dqd)71mt bhas identical in all respects except that one containsqb1g )dt 7dm7h $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onmub3;iw0 .vtd the PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there 4cxhdw2 a sfbb+99oq:is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsbow1sexs/xp( (fb0.7qo k vru j1k-3j , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at conssbz k*m) d) 0lar1x3znqeo:*mtant pressure as heat is added to it. This process isn0d m13*rbxl m ezso k:q))az*

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to w 88+th:jjtt f2/rjbva sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal ene rfv+ tj28/jt8hbt:wjrgy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrgssgu 60kilz 6)hy5 4lam is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, 3)y4vs pjnta+h-c 5 trah,e2dthere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaz +bcc: 0wcu(u;ug/w amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energg,wn9 :wf zsbk),a ;hhp7xj 1ntp8(mj y is added to it. This procesp(z jnw ,n9ktsa8hxb: f, )j;wpmg71hs is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred tolg13t+hv9j f7vxs 1.swia zx6 a sample of ideal gas at constant volume.as +hvj1vgi.l7w1 f tx3zx69s As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody 274rp6d:og gge vlt5kkjf 4b/namics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cadj6ky40o d/ dold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trancvz7:gdtkuc9 7 uwx ,4sfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Coub5uoxl )1r 1lausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycp laolvw.fmk, s:7p- t3 m wusp)9l47zle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work7lkt pfp9743p.)-msl,wv:lao wzm u s is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engrr5q 4 qpid 2-f;yf.x.avk:prine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, tqufa(1x,g v s3he heat sink must b(sga ,v u1f3xqe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistm;+gf-rc ;lzq s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law ofchbt7q/:hj9n d + ls2xo4u 1hy thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as w2:hnc qb 25qithe ratio oq:bnc5 w2iq 2hf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat d-38lc* -nldh0vk bso pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, tkt *o1 oeq8v(.iq z:czhe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occuw2aahsvt+6w(b - v e-jr within an - w+(a -v j6htebaws2visolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thttr 3;3:u-d1l8ima l.tcsw cq ermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to cono.cdama0 ;j, aclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whatnzu85 ;gl;kxr is t gr;kzx;unl 58he change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of.mi6l ue, ,cxz9x zls- heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is .m9e6lu-z,si clzxx, the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal 7 hbt68lgqbok0b(b w1c wl s7 .z.vvk5process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyb lgwh 7o5ct(lzsb.wqkb10b67 k8.vv ?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing ao*( t /jns5f 9)l8esv,wrx t4rwo :evo gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal en v*sf5:/(ewe rtx4roo vj8nwt,so9) l ergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 140xuxdweo3xjoo a :0J of work. What is the change in internal energjo 0:xoo0x4dua 3 ewx1y?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. ) 92difp3ehqee1q)irs7s ,e1n ttoq 2What is the wor3i9eqete i1qsd2sfqh)te1r2n7 ) po,k done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procez p ayqy7ko)q6++ 9sgrss, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exc 69 zspaokryg +q)+7qyhange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant*ks9o2b0rl4 m .pb tel volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done ltk2 *9m.ebbs4or p0lby the gas?

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本习题练习题目来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，学生可刷题练习，扫右侧二维码或加微信skysky1258，获取更多资料
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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rek+mi)k0/9 alz/hq*vcr3 kgjh moved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sah/r /*+ c9a3hqi)0jgkvkklmzmple?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water ual0 /omg +5n tiu4+ai3q vra1at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losespi f 0z/ssc0z6)3 g 9qnwc8izr 3000 J in each cycle. What is the 0q0/ngi psz f6zcswi) 38 rzc9efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receidc4/kq,-l ddcinqe 1, ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyd-ql dcn4,/k1qd ,ciecle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J i led*zserlmu:1y 80- of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ea :1-*lrly80sdzueemich cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts +d+sldv 6+gp l42 kcal. Calculate the efficiendsvlp+6 d gl++cy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ofdt-t9tu f:p )n heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatd n)-f:9tu ptte the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engix.au8 x dz(6vb(ktn 9ynes built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber.dt (yz(x9 ua8 bxk6vn temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charac ud6 zk2-,gsmhteristics: combustion c-6 2shuk,zmgd hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ni5j,+iu2lf3 qr gsd: characteristics: combustion chamber temperature nlquid+j,i 3s 2fgr5:= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 ap:m nh+9rdyq:9mk, jMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usn.jij7(pv f nk 18my;qe(ap2ves $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Th(guj7pu3c i y2bw l)bo0k :mq8e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates bqt pm9z/(gk utc .ot8-etween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencpf j:te9z5 -wiy possible for an engine operating betwee:9itwzjp- 5f en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3 g/m tz.ji/mlz- ,dry65.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is j g/ z,d6l/i trmym.z-$500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwe6l/+ c6cdxc vrfu2bl .lyt7h6en $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comp 5 3;szy(dj( 6eycsk niy1g7xuartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muce(ny( s1x5 gyk73;u ij6 csydzh work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ anccuam+ 02r6fri 4e*-tqqjt, nd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is thuqa4j+rfcre2q 6 n -0cmi*t,te coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat htktx /r1 m-bd :z,ta7from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyht:m k1xd7-b rzt ,/atcle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 5 g5bd6bd;pr9uu;)p s/ lyg i:s0 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change inqr 76d bz)4ycr entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansioxq(:x/xw46cm ,c s3 saa1zq qun and its entropy chm 63sx 4uqcz(cx ,ws1: qaxaq/anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at r6ra:(e5iozdo/a fir b4n-6peiz /4c$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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