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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://mail.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://mail.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph ianc7 -fzyrvm1:;k, b vs an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chalz wq1/bn+ vt(nge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicii,r7 rc 7/sx3w xiu/q o/t4irs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in it /:u1gfjt 5 p.*pkytsls temperature. This /sfkttplp.gj1 5 y: u*process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isotherm6d/saw9j6xwlc9+jccwb4vm , ally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for9wd9c+ w ccbwvja 4sj ,/lm6x6 this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to q1-scb . uy8cnone-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final c-q18c y n.subpressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermallacn*u6 ps5a 1zvc pp/3y from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expendp3 a*5npszu6c1p v /aced by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an dt/pbn0as7i9p+sz9 g isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with sa7n+ / g09zt9pibsdpits surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamc .dl-fto /i+gics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is ct 1v5f5q;gs bj 2fr:rr gbf ,x)x*fwv6ompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the ga2 )6:x5tjrfgrv fgxs b5b1*qrw,vf f;s

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders ofdibex7dsz 3pba (3 (5k gas identical in all respects except that one contains azksb(3dbd 57p3 ie(x$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ides)i k3ixps(+xsrrm69 n-* g k rjf.j7kntical in all respects except that one contains )67 - s(x+jgrjkspinrix.sfk9*mk3 r $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram od:v. qdgt z- 7gthf.;b 5apn3is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, ther de:tdhj9mg, .adw (8 cw)opu/7 rfum+e is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicg;orv1u/o/dcy il54u4vv:ja tg:r rr4 w; t( ts, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it izzh*u1f)b5e. This proch*5 z)zeiu1bfess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constan r+cotio 7lgj)1o1xe 8y4v)r kt pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the g) 7) gvo14lojc+ot kir81xyr eas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrm n1.oxmnp) 4sam is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process,,t7 *x0 -git infir:y,-+jh+ebfo 9r sf+id bd there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaiun k(dhg2+ok bi2*b7rm m07 hmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a r((f 3 p2n;eazbhkth oy.jpd9b:o75cfigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proce k75b(fh:pnb9jhfo2d.pzt3;a (y o cess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of id;xu +so /or7fjeal gas at constant volume. As a resu;oxj fo/7s+u rlt, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynama5,;o07uu vy2qntsw vv rt yu;-o)e2wics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?adkkzkg t 9- jj7td6prfl4; yr;+,b6t

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a ho wd5icv+ ( 5co,si6hmxt reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clau) k-jaqp(ajo- sius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During on).ag6 tr,0 i xrjek :q;sc5lvge cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on th:t6ge0. x, );jva ks5cqr iglris cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heab uhkf2e 0a6kt1udmgv862mq -t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot en-ft y5eb:5dh pgine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bydp- b:55hetf e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consit tq8r 4qo:,glsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planc+xvvu0k(uf 1yk statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pek )+ae82: rhrh ui;vufrformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of+r: k 8;r)iu2fvhh aue

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP):4o opnrym /4dqg8irbtkl *3 9 of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the s3 dlp6 ti+am4water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any p+ek pdi dp+1t3w bpt4*rocess that may occur within an isolated system, wh ti+ *43tpppbew 1dkd+ich one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of th dzc f1*il,7ch q*hz,jermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermyu nqacadynsm;4 .8- 5odynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat iiid 2eo9b/bn4 mc kab- 8oyif,6yy)n0s removed from an ideal gas. What is d69kyi obnmcyyb,0e o2) f nia 4ib8-/the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealvml9m 33l22yypax ck8t v8h5j gas. What is the work done in the procesmj3lhy yvx tkp2l2 av588c93 ms?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal p1slfb 6 ag)fk9jw jod,f)-s1 brocess is -400 J. What is t o,b9b w a1k-)l )sf6jfgdjf1she change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. W6gla lxkjzm*d10:a7 ghat is the change in internal energy of thel1 za*xdjgg7mla:6 k0 gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process wc l)xe05y:nsu hile doing 25 J of work. What is the change in interxne0): yc5usl nal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by msiu tq +1)s(e50 J. What itqe(i1ssm+ u)s the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases byabk58dsda7b * 50 J. What is the heat*7bd5dkb8a a s exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained ayu *d ewu3 -9ck1:oukmt constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is acowkd *:93uu1eck um-y complished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volu- w8/ypp a)nbnme when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of /wbn ya8pp)n-gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at w /thdr4b4 ,mq$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each )fh d hf8/b4p.oe3dyusgh:h /cycle. What is the efficiencyh//dhg pbse):hdfuf 4oh 3y8. ?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and r o.. jedp3 rci;(29gqisn bsm.eceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perf.i bg3emrjd .oqns.92(p;ic sorm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an et1touinsv53k1,:-o xp qr7pufficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muq i7ut -:, x1onst3p pr1kv5ouch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcalgf ym5jcg u2xj ah17t*vu8: i,. Calculate the efficiency of each cycl 5jt 8:72*, 1xyuigcau vgmfjhe.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcae 3ywij ngj55zuu-*a(l. Calculate the work done each cycl z*w (ui-yng5jje5u3ae.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follon)-laumfwk+ 5t+f lxus1c 3i *wing characteristics: combustion chambek3 fx* n5)u-uil1t +a+mfscl wr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far han+l/ mv er6u vc:0axj-s the following characteristics: combustion chamber temp0 a n x:lcu6-jr+emvv/erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following czfem6+,:kus n ieg+. kharacteristics: combustion chamber temperats+:fkemze+u .i, gnk6ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powexk*cwk xc/o/ 7 2ajzh4r. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pla bu oagy5+k7d h1+lpc)nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant geneu/8d;u v naewomr)icpc2 3+9drates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency ) g7od za2+spgzp l)/j;el;qn of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficienc niui htr/panqm;l4w 25rar9t0, 4/;bca2j o my possible for an engine operating between proata,//m t mliw2urcb0;4h452q j9anin;r $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. W/z,swsv vgt k95ocul3c59 lirc yh; 24hat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the4lhzr c9vc s 2 w v9/ys;k3u5g,ltoc5i hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati8p mk1n0wg/ l ,y0h+ivn osz+gng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the0*yqzr hu/71vddhs )c freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and)dhycv h* ur0q/d7s1z ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rad7 x9qlf.5mx2miw io. 6o-pbpte of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Wmxlp.i wmq2 o96xb.oi5 dp-7fhat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 2/zioaov2 u -5iv/ ygmt4fw0 l330 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cfm/gu- 5/ivwaiovz l y43t20 oycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entrdhu s lh7im:9:opy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice frzgd(:kf/zt 26 zo q7mfeezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entroql0imd5b* eg- ( ty0 h7,hwjerpy changeym0wej h,l*0hbr- ig(det7 q5 s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at o y)tojf8 x wwj8nqj 6(5v6ab:$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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