Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energ28nuj7;k i jpoy?

  The amount of heat necessaryd*tfbc;5 3 zusla)-n*6i6 ybpatjp1 n to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average 7t6b.rc6/ur zybf mp6 pu(t0s kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to as/m yftcbt6rrsp7u (06buz . 6p

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compgyf d;kmlzt ;+-zy67 mare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the z76 mdfygt ;+lyk- mz;cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of anr 6zfhu; +7k w4nnpcv- ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its vol0()+ypp m gnqjume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the yp+g )qmnp0(j temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with in+jn/cj1:i3; q ff gp3;wl amrlternal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temp+b ( kjrih8v2tp*s.my eratures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity0nbb2gtsx (wd0 h99au than iron. Now, consider equal ma w(adb g9h0bu 0n2sxt9sses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piec+; prsx*o57q) /:mdjpxtxh ai e of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Whx+/ ap5xp ;ojsr x 7qti*)m:dhich object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid m1cab/7 -4v7wzn1 v2 eoge36m qbdfcrstate is referred to as the d-v31qm 61vmzr4be aobcnwg727 f/ce

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapomr5/ j3otrl7f r state is referred too fl 5rjtmr73/ as the

  If heat is added to a pure substa,ftu vng3k92 qty+8vc nce at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesxryoos18z 1m*e0 ;pcd

  When a liquid evapora eut9b i.hlb,6pl/f6 v,aj;o dtes

  When a vapor condensexqim::q: 7zayc5 h652zxuteeyou0/ qs

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets whicj+ m) buqfw8(b8kzh/ eh get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the cloujh/qzfebu(8bmw k)+8 ds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling watetbtph r+ o2+gi 24tic;r causes

  Equal masses of water at osytbs:5vg,t z /27dvcv/l7u $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby h4 ul8pogj) wf8eat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to as88w gf4olju p)

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hokr4:(gai)o mmkh 3v0s t when tro) k0mshv(3a m:ki4g he other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels mc*;4 2h;exgfoetr 6-evpph4 tuch colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the folhvex42;f*ht;gto4per p c 6-elowing physical property?

  If you double the thickned(6a43f.9x/ f to6 d w.ou.v(hx opx fqsfmuc,ss of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a gi xf.6uqoxto w4.do6f3v m,.p(c9/f(sxaufdhven temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thfpr5 vv 4rm ze2abuiw v+2,u,3ermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivit+zvpf,u2v4earu2br ,5m v3 wiy of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat fld+nzxf 9- k6ju1qoq n px3/y1tows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is refezu +69fdq -1jk tpqxnnoy31x/rred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water hebfzval:+5jv 2lbdjt3 uc) a i,2rkt53ated on a stove?

  Convection can occur0 z v;2zrfop4i

  Which of the following best explains why swe y9c9qdv91g8sfpv5f yating is important to humans in maintaincq 991psf5 8ydy 9gvvfing suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environyza2x- r8;g j9isek8n ment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by thisxn9;g2er iaky8 jz-s8 heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the samg) qkfsh 06/s4dkvmz6 e materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would havek )hs4dk6 s0zg/f6vm q to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature o 8vu2h75mugd1jz 3s jq7 bo.pzf a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating po8oqvd7 zmp7 hjuzs315ju2g . bwer change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referopu+s( d.c5(p8dscswe 6wz 5 vred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warm thy,iyrn;srk bo0p(-9ze Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to hop, p0wwrah.7tw much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how mup5;nyv8f qdax y+10q*)efur sch work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 15 2a :4gc(huvovybl q*00 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, wha-71ay ,uvhngtdo;krk 37 o3yf8y jpv ,t is the resulting temperature ,k , yu3knv-a p3vf187 yogr7h tjod;ychange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is ordel+:5 cqq0n1bl( to aiginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of materia e3qmphk6n:g+mm xea12a11 fvl by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 0(ne4o7mnyewt d4x9 xm9ga /n5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg r 1bdn x)z/1:ws* urqpof iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat i1 wurzpq: nsdr1*/xb )s added to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated9nrvzyjjn+6 s. ,x8br to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper .s(r;ps7vv co, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at (;zkeqgz+sm4 $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is tl.p-;xsc kc xwt4a;9 zw jet/.hermally isolated from its surroundings..zw ajk x wtsc9ptec;.-/xl4; One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships )wm kmj0q3 /ttru j-h u*24amdbetween various forms of energy by q-ma3)mwuum j /*4t 0dr j2khtmeasuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls d q ok ,-46(1djnvl lcubqxar/mj8* d 20pqe5fprops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water risuma80bno,djfqr *pq65j/4lq( d21 xck lp-ve e?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heag. dj d):zm6nnt loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank from :) j6.ndz ndmg$23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat wa3d/tokz /: i gbawhf3 /+1herfter. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water from h 3/gat+ieofrf wz /:3hb/d 1k$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1vg)b4dq6b3y v000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (spuh*b oo3pr7p3p;j)g becific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liq4ud,aj r5jy/fuid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat)il50rbwxo)z5v yj9w is required to melt 200 g of iroxz9wib 5l)v05 )yjw ce?

  How much heat energy is needed to ch gx bs:m*45pn-1u 8rogq oq(ltange 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be rzr ukua-/)gp8emoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. m7uy67g,7u kwpn, hou When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiall+;fen(d 2yvtmk -zz hpflypk:e0 -27yy at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at qw pxi:20a0x4e ba6me$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is neededpk6:8dssb,ys to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one grn ( sone+5emicmwr+ .j,h8cc7am of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100g 1zw 1);b+xgv9v)im v;whbgw g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg i zd0e809 a dzb;pr.ocof hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the hgt o7lb)sd3yk ws y7tv+lin20v2 +tp0 eat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting point is pb)+tvn03wtvl7 i 70+oydsk gt y2s2l$328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete b bo,z:ee6xk .is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. z,vv pb 3esme(aeasbb;2g1ch.8 * dk3Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass a;bez v2bp8mvc1eg3k 3.e a*sds(b h,rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions oftsi5t:op m y; rvcye4*;ua:dg6/)e pqn:dk8k 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatur:): p tgpn56 i;to qemcd*ku yk4sa:er;yv8 d/e is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has vs1pm9/ l9oid dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temsv dp/l 9o91miperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.097 la)q8dpsr2 -dx joi m section of concrete (dl8xs-q paj7d ri)29o$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,00d5 ;hfu i5kyoqccr:2.48cd jc0,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kep+e296nvi i. f:hbhm oe s b)+q4jr0vcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is monitow7 (2r; lwz)crdku:gmred by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole l wu)g;2cwr: dr7m k(zof area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy w bjw 3tc*dhym 9.p)zcyi18bz7hen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effectivex+n;c yhz,t gl , *hpcf8u,lr0 collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.