The three common phases of matter civql : ,fsk *z ll2n+2n8tu0uare

  Density is

  Substance A has a density o*6dzl q 9 0hzem70egjff $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following isy v8 )eq8zs t.36xtlvt9v5uyx not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same area l 3l *am b cucv+j r-cc,r86kp5p17etkbase, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at th ,c8t1er*rkl+mc-jpa 5 p3lk7cc6bvu e top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside xg8yw; n5 9qiw48kux sand outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolu0h mggqcea;.0te pressure at the bottom o0 e;qa0hmgc.gf a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surf8tkp+ yycf iha(5r7 b;.2ugtpace of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pr pra5(cygt;8 biu.k2yth+fp 7essure on you?

State Pascal's principle.(k9hvj1i3o abr v( vh0

State Archimedes' principle.xsus9cxkw 5pevrrg2n v;ov-0+- ic8 8

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, what happ69ny bm nh1b 13hagwr2ens to the buoy g1a2by1n3nbwh6mhr9 ant force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh gzem (nmxj //6i-b-xdwater and in salt water. Where is the b e gj(m-zd//xn 6bm-ixuoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water anmus9dy4ol ri 2qy 2x(8:igs+z d salt water. Compared to the ( ygiozim:2 4dr 2qy+lsu x8s9fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pommqf q,/gw0 n)- bw 7lvbki 3xgn885ngol of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on the ball gre70n x,ib-gk8f5wl nbq) q/m3nw 8gmgvater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottomi vhal-8x/yw0 p6 en;z of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece ewyv/pn086;l xazh-iof lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. If thehux;zntfo, zh) ,j 82y*( zgvs iron is removed from the wood, what happens tfo2 v(s ug,jz,h ztn8yz ;xh)*o the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood s k9x *(mhtq1pc 2l lrj8tp tnqcj,n;9s)vah+9its on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happe 9hqmv 8s *1tqrj jca) c;l(ptxn,p+tl2k 9h9nns to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe atasgf cx4xbg e0 6k8wh4f+ q2l4 point B is larger than at point A. Where is the speed of the water greaterhxlc8w 2b46ex4kf4 s qg+ a0fg?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/t-bi i8 oe+jrx3n /2-mf1wucw s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow spmi3 enrw-1uw cj8x2ti /+-obfeed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in ax u6:(xjg/hc1ew(t* nncj k 5a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the fl(ca 5*cjg(tknwx x/ue:6 h1jnow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's princip pl)av2.kq /ible.

  Which one of the following is) 5tqnz h4 .xh8fd1 utx0v,hyp associated with the law of conservation of energy d q0up nt8) fhzvyh1t x,5xh.4in fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure in the flui edina,- e. ahy+fvjpsm63/ k9d

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger wf3k to2 udv31than at point A. Where is the water pru3 o3dfkw12tv essure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paperiz zhq/kd2 (d;f4wlz. rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through(gtee mw0--n**v dl u:xxzm y+ the air at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance v x*e*(z tg+u:dnlx m0-yem -won him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radirp siv88t kly8 0+r9uoi R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall trlu rt8syik88p 9v0+o ower. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r 65cflvz he4kpk-0 ae7 falls through water, it experiences a drag forcee pv0z-kafce6 7hl5k4 $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatestq w)bd4 ks)6xfm :-yaq effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which woulyf -6s:dwqb )4kaq) mxd cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the + ojju psxmgnw fs 3cd+7(5.f3same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water under3 ffmjs(7dc njo35+ .swpu g+xgoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as loeye +64hx 8qeqng as pipe A. Water undergeqh6 4 eq+x8yeoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it ovk*r*b x0ag 6ld3d 7nfften tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily expf6vd k 0l x3d*ga*brn7lained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water ris .8f3mqgaiq zx1 0jt0ies to a height h. If the diameter were half as great,mjqq03.0x 8z tigf1a i how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightwh5a0x 4xw02c t .ghzmkeixc29 d;cy5aeight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weightxy thkc hiwx9 c0aa2 g5e2; .xcd4zm05 W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lighrp9l1un7pol(/k nvi-uj9e + 7bs* bpmtweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force9ps7 ( j 79moku+linr u/1pvp*l-neb b on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimenstukk fz:4kg9; ions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. Whftg4k9u;kk: zat is its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is*p6gtnsvjjf a)b 7.et9((h t f its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 38 w66jhgzz p)s kkh10dwt7u/u 0.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can w1wst0p6 hh k7)6 gj/ud8 ukzzexert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has0jxq ;kq6e(js area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) mustkwv/t ,v.h9b e57ta/ *mbvz bk a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the oc*t z. ,v 957vtkbmah/ebwkvb /ean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can witho(muh1 .vjdzjkq j s (a.,7+iustand a maximum force of.(z+ q.dsahv j oj7uki j1um,( $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if tnci eb 5y*twtb10,)y 0krwzi* he absolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at9zsrync; z lqt9b.(d* a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawate r s9 bnctld*z;.9(zyqr is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m( o :0ytey/ohh below the surface of sea? (The density oyyo(:toh0 e/ hf seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The lu u,b ar11:gg *oj3wismall piston has area3 o*bjgug 1liwa ,:ur1 $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radi/+qk2,yk+:sdgrleh r j+q5equs of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the smalk jqh eg q+2+sly/5d:+,reqkrl piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What f - n2a0h6wbel6 zl,vksorce needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to vs 6kl-e 2,0zab6nhlwaccomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.jph p, l:b9xvf50os7ktmr5k/0 cm, and its large piskfv l 5/h09r:msobxt,pp5k j 7ton has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is j;t+ gh2yxu+z4 z9nupthe buoyant forc94 y+ 2npz+xgjtuhzu;e of the water?

  An object has a volumepkx;wo at0 a9d + ili4tyo1+ji 1ts7g7 of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string; phur)ekkxq+:zfi,.hp7 q 0d while submerged in water. What is th0hrixq:h.+kp pf)7 u, kdz;eqe tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gole.82 n6heso6 .hn8j chrx8nev d is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (dens hdva+5q4ngu; ity = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N wzr1 cd/r,ym( *vn +rzqhen it is immersed in water. What is the specific gravity of thn/d vzc,mry(rr1z q+* e object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the sk yn(3hc *ft obn+4+mqcale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific g 43ftqok bhnn++(yc*m ravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass o -/9auhft ;ajyde0/rb f 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 w *uh0ed9p oz-z19zt9m hfe(q cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water. Wh9h0*q199hp (-z wutzedf o mezat is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.02nb2uugh7km xmi)yj97qcul d-t y ),- m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before gy ,qyj d7l -u)2m9)7xm ui- kt2nhcubit sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of the water. vbr:(1crxcmy s493 rt k5s)ww The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. Whatv:wt)r 5w3( xc k9c 41bmsyrrs is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in k w)+j7ygv.6niwfcs vel,a( ;water with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is the object's dej sw ln(g7;ik.ef)wv 6vy,+c ansity?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths o :50:o u9 +pvumisgaqjf its volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force on th9pjm:io0gvq u+u:sa 5e object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the mina w/uq)sv4;pzp + k2zuimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The spe2p/a4ku u+ps;v)wzz qcific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm atrig+sx9lg+)h 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2dnv ((aj: 3xp )ru uu2e6kc,ff.0 cm diameter restriction in the line.j a( ,ku(x)nu63dec:fv f2rup What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a p w q5c:d5bib,kfk2r3vressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drink9ly vtwss:: c(ing fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.09s c :sy(l:tvw m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm opaa +gn is6um gu:l06k6/fb,gccurs in the bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth gau k0lfgn6si6,a+m6 bg up:/of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of croszq dqii 7m-hz .s:hv5-s-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it takelg(qy, qk9j u6 to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any ul,6yg q q(k9jdrag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decfodc1)qsnlm)0:7 vell4 l v*g reased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure proe )mlcvql7 *ov4s:d01fg n l)lvided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed l 9hc ;v7e8tafl2:gpqin a pan of water. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in:llc2 9ta ehfgp; 7qv8 tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will wa/p.2ciytsc 9/nl j8ogipgu/0 ter rise in a capillary tube of diam2. cpptijg/cly /g0nio u98/ seter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius ris90x p1lfw u( gy/-fb q/2foehve in a glass capillary tube with a difyo(f2 /fh q/vbexl1pu90- gwameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed verticall6ii osong48 5gy in a pan of water, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the leveoi g6n 8gi4so5l of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and)zu2ozcvz3b+a0b7*f gu7f a0aik,d b width 0.600 m with a soap film form2afg b)bc oz *uau3zakz fv,707bd +0ied within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5,pqb.y )u iob;8di9ivfxjr+ 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one fi.9 xbib8o ,)vy; q5pd+ujriof the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?