Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has the leam5 qxqt +(qmz-:gpi1n st mass?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom i +gylia:e 3k2x qqq6 ic17 dpht-r//xos

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus cihz 1+h )zfdq-*(* ol oah/pfwonsists of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number is 6*9 4py joxaazdetermined by the number of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number i5mw j0f;*bb tm2nqr / k h+udslk88sw,s determined by the number of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, a)9+* dhwf s4yqkiycmy zv* 7ur,*fx3s nd its neutron number by N, which of the followingzmys*yw+s9h* x y fq4ciukrv*f)3d,7 is correct?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nuclwsnu60x f1i mye:v cf tb6+gk6;28dpneus, the atomic mass number of the nuclvgkdi 1nb0w:; 2tu ns+mfcy6x86f 6peeus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protonrg;w w1v3ila spzh5;; s in an atom is

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the size of a stable b: dyod jksh7,w55ew tfts-*) nucleus because of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic numblaamt a7 3;3lt7ajzfb5 k;vd l-20 sozer but with different numbers of neutrons are referr5askmfjaz v 73-ltz aa b7od;3ll2;t0ed to as

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an element have nuclei witua pz+f72 l.zngnn 6 n4s65wwuh

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unit is defcq*e6)c do ,pmined as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separate protonst.js fzmhnyd w03 u+f6 2cr43t and neutrons, the total mass of a stabt62c3zu4s+jf mn dr03t. y whfle nucleus is always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus,pksof( t9n. jyr -t t.37vwnu7 energy is

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nunmbh wqd.osp4)- f/o-cleus is contributed to

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nucleon ij)odv8g; ,w bvs

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nuclv-n+87g lc2 mxmc) e rkr/7klheon

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force isthiycu3+ lw;4 false?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrostatic force, the nuclear force b:l btlv,,m1k0drqkxf w n:2i3etween adjacent protons in a nuclenbldxk i3tkfl2:,: w, m01vr qus is

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penetov oo)u8f rw)9z(h1l6bwh .asrate

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetrateoc0zwrwrpy; r1,,/t b

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetkoc j11 /dwamj ,jwvzhjmh;+3, eh0f8 rate

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is alsel)b)0b5z2qvgmoq l*0,0dy6x wnei zo known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also kno(lhcw 7hs0jbv y o z4v;auw(/y+:*kyqwn as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will be attracted tv 4hju,isl6)4( nrsf*;ckc fvo a

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an atomic guc d cq;4(l.qmass equal to

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass nunmt jf;htwp89mv159 ztxl)v.mber of tv1m)l;w txzht 958 .9pmft vnjhe nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable +*ve q0qmr ;shs d+sn4nucleus, the atomic number of the nuc edq+ rvss04nh*qsm+;leus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 931.5 repre0c2 -x,w2z3* s hvwtut +sqbbpsents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is most bwau-b7,raq z3fc/fa6x c4t6 nearly the same as a gamma ray?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is emitted from an r v ffvp/8)8bl o2b27 j5nuskx lv,*wzunstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has the mo y /5)hv bq6h9mph-qvjst mass?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of radioactive decay, what value is conserved in addition t:)yfg7ndm jmt9t,1 xq) xvqo4o electric charge, energyf 4mox vxjyg:)m d1 tt)qnq79,, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-z;(mkooive et9:9 p yt5)7nujap0 om 9life of a radioactive substance as it decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This so jy +0qm1nx6q3 *xh7fl r9y fw2iug)nucleus emits a single beta particle when it decays. When this happenss fxnw 3)yux m2r ohi9l0jqq 6+1*g7yf, the resulting nucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses a magnetic fie 8(jfxwez 4wuu asqbwj+9. /l;ui ho87ld to curve charged particles is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that useybbcnt9 g )(a3s liquid hydrogen is a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble cha:-0 pka*rbe48cboep+u x5zor/ov+ q mmbers because

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number ofm4f f+q7xuj 2m 14 and atomic number 6 has how many protonm7+ 2ux4jfmqf s?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass n1ruhx 8i;;yvwumber of 14 and atomic number 6 has how many neutrow;hvxr8 ;yi 1uns?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively jnofhm/)m6pf1to22k . How many ) mh k1pf/2oojmfn6t2nucleons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number fdvp8m(3yx. k0uba ar/or calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many eleb dav8k r3u mx/(.ypa0ctrons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for cajb,d5 ;e b*m4tghal(nlcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. H j,5a 4m(t eldbgnh;*bow many protons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and ma)n ,egnr j4q6aw .wuj(ss number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many neutrons are in onewu, .aen)w4j gnr6q (j atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, neutro5 12 *tsobhifvns, and electrons is 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are there itf;+f3bh:moj* f(6nyog kc1 kn the carbon-14 nucleus?

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic number 15 has an isotope of +gbkg/nbhz8bj8v ;z, o:/ uhy mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding energy g/ 86t-gh3 iaph-lkh aof $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is required to remove one proton fe- bojn6uljbh p8b np(6e1+u8 rom $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 88 goes through alpha decay. Its s tjuw6q5*wwr;u+lm;atomic number is + 5*m;tj lww;qs6uwur now

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protons and 249 nucleons. p*;fwi b8ec4s If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number of protons and neutrons, respectively, in the 4b*sfic8w;ep daughter nucleus?

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus decaysxidwbu: 3zw -vu4 y.q, to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much energy (in MeV) is released if .uxuw3-4qv ,idybw: zcarbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 6 undergoes u.r.fgf3.l1 74okkss: ro4.fp fa/;ms yyt vt$b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is 45 years, how much will be (. a2n8w3 rczfvxn:c mleft after 100 yearz2nnr .wv(c83m a:cxfs?

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probability that an atom will decay this yea+x 6p nid;lhu0r if its half-life is 247 y; 0p+ni ud6hxlears?

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source was certifiedzunl q59,,6 d7hdqmuz at $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 10 min. What fraction of jk3i p dy(aqfb*xa/bdv; ;;g4the sample is ljpqd v(yix/;kb da*; ;af3bg4eft after 40 min?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive io-0qyrn7 k 5galdine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce an activiqln-yk a75g 0rty of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance witht v.jnjub* +hdbp :n0; a half-life of 3.0 days has an initial activity of 0dbn :+*u.h;p njvtjb$0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measured in a piece of a wooden caq z0h9fr: rk iii)o8cyt22/p jsket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of li/ ii pc9itz:jr82 kr)02fqhyo ving wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it take a j.2pz *9 elo5l ke6pv/szhw1$4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it take ;u7f2fp.ei3a-n agj b a $4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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