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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-Vggbiljzc 9jf-k* -y50 graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chy,2hvr f5;y4b-us i vtange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam. l*. xseul3d* faylf,ms:n9w ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice it0g b s-8 :fer jqj(fowh,uqz,.s original volume with no change in its temperature. This prf-ofgh8z qjeq jsbr.0,:, u( wocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr (tfq:q*w ye-bk8o)q focess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of inteeqkwy) f- * fob8t(q:qrnal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its e vt4z/xte/.j original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gasv./e/t4j zxt e

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally eob 1c17p7jocr mkg.*from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechangmor7b*jcep7k11 oc .ism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the br71)v4mtaxet4 ( yuxgas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process iexbt4a)( rumtx 14 7yvs

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo; zahy5kfp67 hhty7hzfw5, g;dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durin2)lk-jcq8 jyn g an adiabatic process. The final pressure ok)l c8njyj- q2f the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects e6i zu689vk g2d xef.l95lbs9d-fdaxtxcept that one contains eil8 dxff t5vg9 -zaxub s6d9d6.k92l $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onvvk ./ :6gqh:f9 ))wwqxmipz ve contains pmgv)fwz:.6vqx:9kwqi )hv/$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram i9zl, 3z xthb.8 rk .yfzqc*v-bli/w 2ns an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is n -k+ v/1ezqre:plfrntc- 2 -jdo change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thersk:moessg;fi-5o() p15e )ayoo ju8gmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at consta (,os8c 8 8iwa ux(fr2mp(:z0x +wovn2ppoupmnt pressure as heat is added to it. This processp0f pons28( i ar xo( (xpm+uov2w:mc,u8p8wz is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at conrg ej7tga(bk72,hyq wex(2 foa( (c; nstant pressure. As a resultf;ra,n( qxebhwgo a7k2e(j (gy 2 c(7t, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dia*y ghh/+ o;xk px3tq:ygram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change) ;/r- upo ipzb-yu(xs in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics8or/a y ;mrmh,, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat ener hgdo6m0+ x,:cxp:zxogy is added to it. o :d+:hm xp6xgx, zc0oThis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred iexsld+ :+68tu a ybod/tv/ a0w17a cpto a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal v8/+/dauc7po :+d06w ayt1a iblsxet energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody+g 0*) i8uxetl(ho .k hibw..(bfirhknamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trans / ud /./g+mdelb x16 h1gmc5-.bz:b kagjbwihfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reg 7vy5(oz( t1mye uff2servoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claus ;380lkrz qlb5+mozj(bpdrs q 0 *sbf.ius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much 4kw5a l39*npbsw wgqte+z-r)work is done by an engin 9sw-a3+r)lwnp54zebtq *gkwe operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heak3qlazo8 9u)hj :nut( t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnoth fynu. ,j.2x yvni8e3r.u-wl engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mus h ,3xjrv2yyunewu.-f. 8nl.i t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists c.g+0asklv0 q of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyna:oir etm(l /gq,kp3g3 mics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator g9dvh-t05 miur w3b0t is defined as the ratio o03 v5g-0ibumtwd9t rhf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a henmtxr z ti deq)/f: xx/3q)1let m8f79at pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, t t kn:,yl1dwyt:2wtr0vcr;y ,he entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law./*oavb s iw(a of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appli(b .swo aiva/*es?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law shdtv q:p46m jv0soo;2n*et 4 of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to c+o tfw20trt,mgc01 j ronclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is g9gan) zyq+bhrp))3 xremoved from an ideal gas. What is tgq)9nyzh )xra )b+pg3he change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gash:/ 2g b xlgohe63 kx,jrbq-:lklhu57. What is the work done gkll r7eh2x/6u:gx obh lh3j b:5,qk-in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal p jo 6kp*:lqjprb2*8j crocess is -400 J. What is the changlj:ojjrq p2k c *bp8*6e in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What ioz rp 60.r+ qfcacf28ts the change in internal energy of the pc2z qartoc 8+r6f0f. gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatin tm jbil)1ubt-q4en1 9ek f,(w/uzb9uyrh ;7c process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal en) ;n un u714b 9 u,qteh-byi9/(1zlewmk jtrbfergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internaq7; cobs1u*wy-,siq ul energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What1wcio ,s 7*sbuq; u-yq is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5a3fb-mf o39n m0 J. What is the heat excha-f9bafn33o mmnge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic3yl7w63s0u qikzgw w9 gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is0y wgk3zsl iq3w9u67w done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is re g 81/q d8brezlbo1b*zmoved from it. How many moles of gas are in teg81lobb d/z8*z1q rb he sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water awjr 2lgp zku0g1;r80 addf/8k t $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives xy18 p5s/vdlv(v,h g q7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eff(8dq h yv5l/xg1sp,vviciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency . 2ff4xlayo8au+q ix;q6jh+ h2on zwcd. t0;qof 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work doe+xqufhood2ax nj+ y8ziath .;lq2wq.f6 4; 0cs it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivvbu;+s 2whjw; x9zccx5h* a*t es 150 J of heat per cycle. Hohw; ;h9x2sxcbawvzj t+* 5u* cw much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle ang+-xfu:wb t1 t,.) 6yvfyksxqd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ofv kfwys6q.x ,):gt-x bf1+ yut each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heatf-j0u1nb h3non9w2n uo:g)kcy o9 8rv each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t9 ofb3w0nc-uy 2kn)njnuo91vhr:8 gohe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the h)qjjgko02tywk:wse y ei:1x0-xn(5following characteristics: combustion chamber te- xiyjgy1h( )ksqj0:0e2x w:etkw n5o mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folloq euff0 +vd,p(wing characteristics: cv0pfdu ,(qfe+ ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bc+5qs5vngif ;utl2v1 5k (v)zgg4d tvuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustid5tzgsl; 5kv gv1 +t24inf)gvc( vqu5 on chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elect:zv mac30oqa 4ric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e 6 +oys6s.0+jzea w*mb9ez(2 iievt thlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600lun4g3.ve+iks**x x p MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine sok/b0lx,3j i9a3gjvgdd tlwfgv7-z/-:kr +which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoreth; cil :lomp7:vlg;2) qcskm4ical efficiency possible for an engine operating between ps2kgv ohll:mcq7 i )l4cm;:;$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the te yi.q2 w,p*ryfmperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the ho2.pq r,wyf* iyt reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating b*j( 6oeba ,hio;i6kbbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezinchpqw169tm m9jzi d.(g compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in. c9wqt6(mzp19jhdmi each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat 9rlk.:meu+ 5lr.) jmkq2 dq9uk lc oal67oq2lfrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performan.o u9 2urj).mla d 6 9:l25qklllomr+c7qkqke ce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heatkn 3y;;f wxq3;:ltm( sv.8h 1;z6pjgjnc khsk from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat towm81 xj v hq h;z6pcjk;;nsg:t;kyk3l nf3s( . the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g o ewip7xs0q :av9 qm.7*og. iusf ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entr3,mt aoo fpk3t4z 72r0s9wvywopy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP underjzyj b ,d8 t:hwhjj*8.k-r c0cgoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy change* kjch.8-j 8 b:j,0 rywhjtzcds by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 8k;w oq rhddmj*1 q,:)wjw8yq$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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总分:71分 及格:42.6分 时间:不限时
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